The mass-produced automobile was a disruptive innovation, because it changed the transportation market, whereas the first thirty years of automobiles did not.ĭisruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies.
The market for transportation essentially remained intact until the debut of the lower-priced Ford Model T in 1908. For example, the first automobiles in the late 19th century were not a disruptive innovation, because early automobiles were expensive luxury items that did not disrupt the market for horse-drawn vehicles. Not all innovations are disruptive, even if they are revolutionary. The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators beginning in 1995, and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century. In business theory, disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances. Technological change An 1880 penny-farthing (left), and a 1886 Rover safety bicycle with gearing
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